ʻAʻole mākou e kākau i ka manaʻo. Hoʻohālikelike kēlā me kēia nīnau nīnau i kahi kumu kumu a i ʻole kumu kūlana — maʻamau kekahi o nā ʻaha i lalo. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka papa inoa piha o nā palapala i loko o ka polokalamu, ma ka pale pane o kēlā me kēia nīnau.
IPCC AR6
Nā Hui Hana I, II & III
ʻO ka Hōʻike Kūlana ʻEpekema ʻEono o ka IPCC (2021–2023) ka ʻae ʻepekema piha loa e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka ʻepekema, nā hopena a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike nā nīnau a Carbon Footprint Quiz e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana ikehu, ka halihali, nā hale, ka meaʻai a me nā hoʻoponopono i nā ʻike o nā mokuna AR6.
IPCC (2023). AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023.
NASA Climate Change
Nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka Honua
Hāʻawi ka papahana nānā honua o NASA i ka moʻo ʻikepili CO₂, mahana, pae kai a me ka hau i hoʻohana ʻia i kā mākou nīnau e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻepekema a me nā pane.
NASA Global Climate Change (2024). climate.nasa.gov.
International Energy Agency
Ikehu, hoʻokuʻu, ʻenehana
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻikepili ikehu a me nā hoʻokuʻu makahiki o ka IEA i kā mākou nīnau e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana uila, nā paila wela, nā EV, ke kinoea a me nā mea hou a me ka makemake ikehu o nā kikowaena ʻikepili.
IEA (2024). World Energy Outlook 2024.
Our World in Data
ʻIkepili ʻepekema & ikehu wehe
Hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili a OWID o nā hoʻokuʻu per-capita, nā wāwae kalapona meaʻai, nā hoʻohālikelike ʻano halihali a me ka hui ʻana o ka ikehu no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pololei o kēlā me kēia helu i hōʻike ʻia i nā mea pāʻani.
Ritchie, H., Roser, M. & Rosado, P. (2024). "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". OurWorldInData.org.
FAO
Nā ʻōnaehana meaʻai & hoʻokuʻu
ʻO kā mākou nīnau meaʻai, ʻai a me ka hoʻohana ʻāina e ʻōlelo ana i nā loiloi a ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Food & Agriculture Organisation e pili ana i nā hoʻokuʻu holoholona, ka nalowale meaʻai a me nā wāwae ʻai.
FAO (2023). "Pathways towards lower emissions: A global assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options from livestock".
GHG Protocol
Nā kūlana moʻokāki ʻoihana
Hoʻohālikelike nā nīnau e pili ana i ka laulā 1, 2 a me 3, nā hoʻokuʻu kaulahao lako a me nā hōʻike ʻepekema ʻoihana i nā kūlana GHG Protocol a ka World Resources Institute / WBCSD.
WRI/WBCSD (2015). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Corporate Standard (revised edition).
EPA & EEA emission factors
ʻIkepili kuhikuhi ʻāina
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā helu ʻāina (e.g. ka ikaika kalapona uila o ka hale) i nā EPA US, European Environment Agency a me nā mea hoʻololi DEFRA UK.
US EPA (2024). "Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2022".
Lancet Countdown
Loli ʻepekema & olakino kanaka
Hoʻohālikelike kā mākou nīnau e pili ana i nā hopena olakino a me ka make wela i ka hōʻike makahiki Lancet Countdown e pili ana i ka olakino a me ka loli ʻepekema.
Romanello, M. et al. (2023). "The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change". The Lancet.
E nānā i ka papa inoa piha o nā palapala i loko o ka polokalamu — e loaʻa ana i kēlā me kēia nīnau nā loulou i huki ʻia he 2–4.