ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ, ⵜⴰⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 2,700 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ 13 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ. ⴱⴷⴷ ⵉ ⵓⴹⵏⵏⵓ, ⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵍ.
Decarbonr ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ ⵉ iPhone, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⴰⴷ. Carbon Footprint Quiz ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ.
ⵎⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴳⵔⴰⵎ?
ⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵜ ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓ.
ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵓⵎ, ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ 99 kg CO₂e ⵉ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴳⵔⴰⵎ. ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵍⵍⵓⴼ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ 12, ⴰⴼⵓⵍⵍⵓⵙ 10, ⵜⵓⴼⵓ 3.
ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ: Poore & Nemecek (2018), ⵙ Our World in Data
ⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴽⵍ ⴰⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵟⵟⵢⵢⴰⵕⵜ ⵢⵓⴳⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ? ⵉⵙ ⴰⵄⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵢⵓⴳⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⴽ? ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵇⴷⵜ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⴽ.
ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵃⵔⵉⵛ ⵣⵖ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵙ Decarbonr ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ.
ⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ, ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ. ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴹⴼⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⵏⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴽ.
ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ: ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ 13 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ.
ⵜⵉⵚⵃⵃⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⵊⵀⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⵣⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⵓⵜ.
ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵏⵃⴰⵙ, ⵏ ⵏⵏⵇⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵖ ⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵔⵏ, ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ, ⵉ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
ⴰⵡⵉ XP ⴼ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵚⵃⴰⵏ; ⴰⵍⵉ ⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵎⵖⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ.
ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⴱⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⵍ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ.
ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵜ, ⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵇⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵚⵃⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵔⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ.
XP, ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵃⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴽ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵔⴰ ⵓⵎⵉⴹⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵜ.
ⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴽⵎⵎⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴰⵔⴹⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵏⴰ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴽ.
ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⴷⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ, ⵜⴰⵎ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵙⵓⴷⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ.
ⴰⵏⴰⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⴹⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ IPCC (2021–2023) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴽⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ, ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵇⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ. ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵅⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴽⵍ, ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ.
IPCC (2023). AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023.
ⵉⵙⴱⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ NASA ⴼ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉⵢⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵣⵖⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⵙ, ⵙ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ.
NASA Science. "Climate Change". science.nasa.gov/climate-change.
ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴷⵜ ⵏ IEA ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴽⵍ, ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵢⵏ, ⵜⵉⴱⵓⵎⴱⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵖⵍⵜ, ⵉⵎⵔⴽⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓ ⵙ ⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ.
IEA (2022). The Future of Heat Pumps.
ⵉⵙⴱⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ Our World in Data ⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴽⵍ, ⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ CO₂ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵃⵎⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵡⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ, ⴰⵙⵉⴽⵍ, ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ.
Ritchie, H., Roser, M. & Rosado, P. (2024). "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". OurWorldInData.org.
ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵅⵙⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⵓⵃⵏ, ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ.
FAO (2011). "Global food losses and food waste: Extent, causes and prevention".
Corporate Standard ⴷ Scope 3 Standard ⵏ GHG Protocol ⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ.
WRI/WBCSD (2015). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Corporate Standard (revised edition).
ⵉⵙⴱⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⴷⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵃⵎⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵡⵉ, ⵉⴹⵓⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵄⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ, ⴰⴽⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵉⴹⵓⵎⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵙⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ.
US EPA. "Overview of Greenhouse Gases". epa.gov/ghgemissions.
Climate.gov ⵏ NOAA ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵏ ⴷⵉⵢⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵅ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵉ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ. ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵡⵉ.
Lindsey, R. "Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide". NOAA Climate.gov.
ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵇⵇⵏⵏⵉⵏ: UNFCCC, ICVCM, ENERGY STAR, fueleconomy.gov ⴷ Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ: ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ.
Seba usenfa, ~3 nniḍen. Asqel nniḍen i yefkaḍ i yal yiwen, ssenef s iɣefsen.
ⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⵣⴼⵜ ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴽ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⵃⵜ XP ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵥⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⴹ.
ⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ.
Decarbonr ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ ⵉ iPhone, ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ Carbon Footprint Quiz. ⵉⵙⵔⴰ iOS 17.6 ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ.
ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⴽⵉⵎ? ⵙⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵎⵉⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ iPhone ⵏⵏⴽ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵥⵎⵜ Decarbonr ⴳ App Store.